Autism spectrum
A different way of communicating, relating and taking in stimuli, with both strengths and difficulties.
The autism spectrum (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, forms social relationships and takes in stimuli. It is marked by persistent difficulties in communication and social interaction and by restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour and interests, and often by a different sensory sensitivity as well. Autism is a spectrum — its presentation and intensity vary greatly from person to person.
The autism spectrum is estimated to affect about 1% of the population. It is increasingly recognised in adults too, who spent many years functioning without a diagnosis, putting great effort into fitting in with those around them. Autism is not an illness but a different way of functioning, one that brings both difficulties and strengths.
Autism is not "cured", but an accurate diagnosis and the right support markedly improve quality of life. Psychoeducation, therapy tailored to the person’s needs, support with communication and relationships and, where needed, treatment of co-occurring difficulties such as anxiety or depression all help.
Many people are helped by recognising their own sensory needs and adjusting their surroundings to them, a predictable daily structure, protecting rest, and contact with other people on the spectrum. Understanding and accepting your own way of functioning is an important part of wellbeing.