Bipolar disorder
Alternating episodes of mania or hypomania and depression that disrupt everyday life.
Bipolar disorder (bipolar affective disorder) is a mood disorder marked by alternating episodes: mania or hypomania and depression, usually separated by periods of relative balance. During a manic or hypomanic phase there may be an elevated or irritable mood, increased energy, a reduced need for sleep, racing thoughts and impulsive behaviour. The depressive phase brings the symptoms typical of depression.
Bipolar disorder affects about 1–2% of the population and most often emerges in young adulthood. It is a chronic condition, but with the right treatment it can be brought under control and allow a stable, satisfying life.
The mainstay of treatment is medication with mood stabilisers, complemented by psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Consistency of treatment and the early recognition of warning signs of a relapse are essential.
A regular sleep and daily rhythm, monitoring your own mood, avoiding alcohol and psychoactive substances, and support from people close to you all help maintain stability. Learning to recognise your personal warning signs makes it possible to react before an episode develops.
If suicidal thoughts appear, contact a specialist or call the free, around-the-clock number 116 123, and in a life-threatening situation call 112.